Neurobiological effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulation in the cuprizone model.

Therapeutic Effects of the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator, Fingolimod (FTY720), on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and effects of fingolimod, an S1P receptor 1 functional antagonist in lymphocyte circulation and autoimmune diseases

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a multi-functional phospholipid mediator, is generated from sphingosine by sphingosine kinases and binds to five known G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, S1P4, and S1P5). It is widely accepted that S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) plays an essential role in lymphocyte egress from the secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) and thymus, because lymphocyte egress from t...

Sphingosine 1 Phosphate at the Blood Brain Barrier: Can the Modulation of S1P Receptor 1 Influence the Response of Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes to Inflammatory Stimuli?

The ability of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) to maintain proper barrier functions, keeping an optimal environment for central nervous system (CNS) activity and regulating leukocytes' access, can be affected in CNS diseases. Endothelial cells and astrocytes are the principal BBB cellular constituents and their interaction is essential to maintain its function. Both endothelial cells and astrocyt...

Cell cycle control of PDGF-induced Ca signaling through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism

The effects of growth factors have been shown to depend on the position of a cell in the cell cycle. However, the physiological basis for this phenomenon remains unclear. Here we show that the majority of both CEINGE clone3 (cl3) and human embryonic kidney 293 cells, when arrested in a quiescent phase (G0), responded to platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) with non-oscillatory Ca signals...

FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lysophospholipid, has gained relevance to multiple sclerosis through the discovery of FTY720 (fingolimod), recently approved as an oral treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Its mechanism of action is thought to be immunological through an active phosphorylated metabolite, FTY720-P, that resembles S1P and alters lymphocyte trafficking through rece...